Thousands of tables were shipped back to the British Museum. In 1850s, Iraqi archaeologist, Hormuzd Rassam, discovered the ruins of the great royal library of Ashurbanipal, King of the World and King of Assyria in the mid-seventh century. Discovery of the Textįollowing the defeat and destruction of major Mesopotamian cities by Persian invaders in 600-500 BCE, most of the poem disappeared. The writing style used to write the Akkadian language was Cuneiform. Around 1200 BCE, the epic was revised by a Babylonian priest named Sin-liqe-unninni, who compacted the story and added a preface. He was a great warrior who journeyed to a distance mountain where he killed a monster, brings home cedar tresses for this palace, and has his servant and friend Enkidu descent into the underworld.ĭuring the Old Babylonian period (2000-1600 BCE) poets in Babylon adapted the Sumerian poems into a connected epic, written in Akkadian. In the years after his death, there was cult which grew around his memory as he became honored as a judge of the underworld. By around 2000 BCE, there was a set of loosely connected songs that had been writeten in Sumerian about his life and legendary adventures.

Gilgamesh was an early king of the city-state of Uruk in southern Mesopotamia and lived sometime around 2750 BCE. 2 The central setting of the Epic is in the ancient city-state of Uruk in the land of Sumer. The Mesopotamians had no word corresponding to the phrase 'epic' and thus, ancient scholars of Mesopotamian literature refer to the epic as the 'Gilgamesh Series.' Eleven of the tablets form a continuous narrative poem, while the twelfth is a partial tranlsation of a Sumerian poem about Gilgamesh appended to the narrative, during the first millennium BCE. Portions of this epic have been found in Mesopotamia, Turkey, and in Palestine.

It began to circulate in the ancient Near East as early as 1000 BCE. The Epic of Gilgamesh, has been described as the first true work of world literature.

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